RESOURCES ON THE GERMAN MILITARY AND THE HOLOCAUST
The military played an important role in Germany. It was closely identified with the essence of the nation
and operated largely independent of civilian control or politics. With the 1919 Treaty of Versailles after World
War I, the victorious powers attempted to undercut the basis for German militarism by imposing restrictions
on the German armed forces, including limiting the army to 100,000 men, curtailing the navy, eliminating the
air force, and abolishing the military training academies and the General Staff (the elite German military
planning institution).
On February 3, 1933, four days after being appointed chancellor, Adolf Hitler met with top military leaders
to talk candidly about his plans to establish a dictatorship, rebuild the military, reclaim lost territories, and
wage war. Although they shared many policy goals (including the cancellation of the Treaty of Versailles, the
Adolf Hitler addresses a rally of the Nazi paramilitary formation, the SA (Sturmabteilung), in 1933. By 1934, the SA had grown to nearly
four million members, significantly outnumbering the 100,000 man professional army. US Holocaust Memorial Museum, courtesy of
William O. McWorkman
The German Military and Hitler
continued >>
RESOURCES ON THE GERMAN MILITARY AND THE HOLOCAUST
German Military Leadership and Hitler (continued)
expansion of the German armed forces, and the destruction of the perceived communist threat both at home
and abroad), many among the military leadership did not fully trust Hitler because of his radicalism and
populism. In the following years, however, Hitler gradually established full authority over the military. For
example, the 1934 purge of the Nazi Party paramilitary formation, the SA (Sturmabteilung), helped solidify
the military’s position in the Third Reich and win the support of its leaders.
The Military Oath under the Weimar Republic (1919–1933)
“ I swear loyalty to the Reich Constitution and vow
that I will protect the German nation and its lawful
establishment as a brave soldier at any time, and will
obey the President and my superiors.”
1
The Military Oath as of August 1934
“ I swear by God this sacred oath: I will render unconditional
obedience to Adolf Hitler, the Führer of the German
nation and people, Supreme Commander of the Armed
Forces, and will be ready as a brave soldier to risk my life
at any time for this oath.”
2
1 Robert B. Kane, Disobedience and Conspiracy in the German Army (Jefferson,
NC: McFarland & Co., 2002), 227.
2 J. Noakes and G. Pridham, eds., “The Nazi Party, State and Society 1919–1939,”
in Nazism, 1919–1945: A History in Documents and Eyewitness Accounts,
vol. 1 (New York: Schocken Books, 1983), 185–186.
Hitler with the minister of war Werner von Blomberg and Werner von
Fritsch, commander-in-chief of the army, during army maneuvers at the
Munster training camp in 1935. US Holocaust Memorial Museum
RESOURCES ON THE GERMAN MILITARY AND THE HOLOCAUST
Germany was a signatory to all of the major international agreements regulating the conduct of war, including
the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 and the Geneva Conventions of 1864, 1906, and 1929. Despite this,
Germany was among the many countries whose leaders violated these international codes when they found
it advantageous to do so. For instance, during World War I, the German military used poison gas, an act
forbidden by the Hague Convention of 1899.
Ten Commandments for the Conduct of the German Soldier at War
1
1. The German soldier fights honorably for the victory of his people. Cruelty and pointless destruction
is dishonorable.
2. The combatant must wear a uniform or be marked with a special noticeable sign. Fighting in civilian
clothing without such a sign is forbidden.
3. No opponent who surrenders may be killed. This includes even the guerrilla fighter and the spy.
They will receive their just punishment before the courts.
4. Prisoners of war may not be mishandled or insulted. Weapons, plans, sketches are to be confiscated.
None of their personal possessions may be taken.
5. Dum-Dum Bullets are forbidden. Ammunition may not be adapted into such bullets.
6. The Red Cross is inviolable. Wounded opponents are to be treated humanely. Medical personnel
and field clergy may not be obstructed while performing their medical or spiritual duties.
Codes of Conduct in the German Military
1 Deutsche Dienststelle (WASt), trans. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
A German soldier’s paybook, including “The Ten Commandments for the Conduct of the German Soldier at War.” Deutsche Dienststelle (WASt).
continued >>
RESOURCES ON THE GERMAN MILITARY AND THE HOLOCAUST
7. The civilian population is inviolable. A soldier may not arbitrarily engage in plunder or destruction.
Historical memorials and buildings which serve as houses of God, or serve science, art, or the general
welfare, are especially to be safeguarded. Resources and services from the population may be demanded
against compensation only on the orders of superior officers.
8. Neutral territory may not be involved in hostilities, either by incursion on the ground or by air,
or by shooting onto that territory.
9. Should a German soldier be taken prisoner, if asked, he may give only his name and service rank.
Under no circumstances may he give information about the unit to which he belongs or about military,
political or economic conditions on the German side. He may not let himself be led into giving such
information either by promises or threats.
10. Actions contrary to orders while in service is a criminal offense. Violations of the enemy against
numbers 1–8 of the above guidelines are to be reported. Retaliation is only permitted under orders
from higher military authority.
Section 47, German Military Penal Code (1872)
2
If through the execution of an order pertaining to official duties, a penal law is violated, then
the superior giving the order is solely responsible. However, the subordinate who obeys shall
be punished as a participant:
(1) if he exceeded the order he received or,
(2) if he knew that the order of the superior concerned an act which constituted a civil
or military crime or offense.
Codes of Conduct in the German Military (continued)
2 Keller C., Militär-Strafgesetzbuch für das Deutsche Reich, trans.
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (Berlin: Weidmann, 1873).
RESOURCES ON THE GERMAN MILITARY AND THE HOLOCAUST
From the beginning of operational planning in the winter and spring of 1941, German military and police
authorities intended to wage a war of annihilation against the Soviet Union. Driven by their racial and
ideological worldview, they targeted representatives of the Communist state and Jews. Prior to the invasion
of the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941, the military leadership issued a series of orders outlining the nature of
the war on the eastern front.
Re: Regulation for deployment of the Security Police and SD in association
with the Army, Army High Command (OKH), April 28, 1941
1
To implement special security police tasks outside the ambit of the military forces the deployment
of special detachments of the Security Police (SD) in the area of operations is necessary.
With the agreement of the Chief of the Security Police and SD the deployment of the Security
Police and SD in the area of operations will be regulated as follows:
1. Tasks…
(b) In the Army Group Rear Areas
To investigate and suppress anti-German and anti-state activities in so far as they are not
carried out by enemy armed forces, as well as to inform the commander of the Army Group
Rear Areas on the political situation ….
3. Cooperation between the Einsatzgruppen or -kommandos of the Security Police and the SD and
the Commander in the Army Group Rear Areas (re: 1b):
Einsatzgruppen and Einsatzkommandos of the SP (SD) are deployed in the Army Group rear
areas.They are subordinate to the representative of the Chief of the SP [Security Police] and
the SD assigned to the headquarters of the Commander of the Army Group Rear Area, to
whom they are subordinated with regard to deployment, accommodations, and supplies.
They receive their functional instructions from the Chief of the SP and SD ….
The representatives and if need be the detachment commanders of the Einsatzkommandos
assigned to the [Wehrmacht] security divisions are required to inform the military commanders
in a timely manner of the instructions they have received. In exigent circumstances the
commander of the Army Group Rear Area is authorized to issue restrictive instructions that
take precedence over all other instructions.
The Einsatzgruppen or -kommandos are authorized as part of their mission to take executive
measures against the civilian population on their own responsibility.
Signed von Brauchitsch
continued >>
1 RG-242, NOKW-2080, National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, MD,
trans. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
Planning the Invasion of the Soviet Union
RESOURCES ON THE GERMAN MILITARY AND THE HOLOCAUST
Excerpt from “The Decree on Exercising Military Jurisdiction in the Area of Barbarossa and Special
Measures by Troops” (Barbarossa Jurisdiction Order), May 13, 1941
2
I. Treatment of crimes committed by Enemy Civilians
1. Criminal acts committed by enemy civilians are removed from the jurisdiction of the military
courts and the summary courts-martial until further notice.
2. Guerrillas are to be eliminated ruthlessly by the troops in combat or while escaping.
3. All other attacks by enemy civilians against the Armed Forces, its personnel and its retinue
also will be suppressed on the spot by the troops with the most rigorous methods until
the assailants are annihilated.
4. Where such measures were not taken or were not possible at first, suspect elements will be
brought before an officer immediately. This officer is to decide whether they are to be shot ….
II. Treatment of crimes committed against indigenous residents by members of the Wehrmacht
and its retinue
1. Regarding actions committed by personnel of the Wehrmacht or its retinue against enemy civilians,
there is no obligation to prosecute, even where the deed is at the same time a military crime or
misdemeanor ….
Excerpt from “Guidelines for the Behavior of the Troops in Russia,” June 4, 1941
3
1. Bolshevism is the deadly enemy of the National Socialist German people. Germany’s struggle is directed against
this subversive ideology and its functionaries.
2. This struggle requires ruthless and energetic action against Bolshevik agitators, guerillas, saboteurs,
and Jews, and the total elimination of all active or passive resistance.
3. The members of the Red Army—including prisoners—must be treated with the most extreme reserve
and the greatest caution since one must reckon with devious methods of combat. The Asiatic soldiers
of the Red Army in particular are inscrutable, unpredictable, devious, and brutish ....
4. When taking units prisoner the leaders must be separated from the rank and file at once.
5. In the Soviet Union the German soldier is not confronted with a unified population. The USSR is
a state formation that combines a multiplicity of Slav, Caucasian, and Asiatic peoples held together
by the violence of the Bolshevik rulers. Jewry is strongly represented in the USSR ….
2 Hans-Adolf Jacobsen, “Kommissarbefehl und Massenexecutionen sowjetischer Kriegsgefangener,” in Anatomie des SS Staates,
vol. 2, trans. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (Munich: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, 1989), 181–184.
3 Jacobsen, 187–188.
Planning the Invasion of the Soviet Union (continued)
RESOURCES ON THE GERMAN MILITARY AND THE HOLOCAUST
One motivation for the German invasion of the Soviet Union was the desire to acquire Lebensraum (living
space) for the German people to colonize at the expense of the Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, and Baltic
peoples whom the Nazis considered racially inferior. Consequently, German forces murdered almost all
of the Soviet Jews they could identify, and shot, starved, or worked to death millions of Soviet civilians
and prisoners of war. This was the result not only of Nazi propaganda—in which the Soviet population
was portrayed as subhuman—but also of the basic orders issued by the military leadership, who shared
the Nazi view that Soviet soldiers and civilians were inferior.
“ Only a Jew can be a Bolshevik, for this blood-sucker
there can be nothing nicer than to be a Bolshevik ….
Wherever one spits one finds a Jew .... As far as I know
… not one single Jew has worked in the workers’
paradise, everyone, even the smallest blood-sucker,
has a post where he naturally enjoys great privileges.”
— Lance-Corporal Paul Lenz, Russia, 1941
1
“ Hardly ever do you see the face of a person who seems
rational and intelligent. They all look emaciated and
the wild, half-crazy look in their eyes makes them look
like imbeciles …. These scoundrels, led by Jews and
criminals, wanted to imprint their stamp on Europe.”
—Soldier Karl Fuchs on Soviet POWs, August 1941
2
1 Omer Bartov, Hitler’s Army: Soldiers, Nazis, and War in the Third Reich
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1992), 160.
2 Bartov, 159.
Top: This photo was found by an American liberator and was
likely taken by a German soldier who fought with Army Group
Center in the Soviet Union. Lieutenant Baier interrogates newly
captured Soviet prisoners of war. US Holocaust Memorial Museum
Left: German soldiers publicly humiliate an elderly Jewish man in
Ukraine by cutting off his beard. Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-187-0203-11
Racial Ideology in Practice in the Soviet Union
RESOURCES ON THE GERMAN MILITARY AND THE HOLOCAUST
From 1919 until September 1939, the area that makes up present-day Belarus was divided between two
countries: Poland and the Soviet Union. The eastern part of Belarus, where this case study takes place,
was part of the Soviet Union.
Jewish Life in Belarus
In Soviet Belarus, Jews suffered as much as non-Jews in terms of suppression of religious practices, loss of
private property, and political oppression; however, there was little or no legal, educational, or economic
discrimination based on their Jewishness. Thus, they assimilated more into the new Soviet middle and
bureaucratic classes and had more chances for productive interaction with non-Jews. Given the relatively
formative stage of Belarusian national consciousness, and the absence of strong national feelings about the
Jews, antisemitism tended to be less pervasive and less intense than on the Polish side of the border, where
such negative sentiment received official reinforcement.
Invasion of Belarus
In June–July 1941, the German military quickly advanced through Belarus. Many people in the Soviet Union
initially viewed the German Army as a potential liberator from the oppressiveness of Soviet control. Some
nationalist activist groups, especially in Ukraine and the Baltic states, collaborated extensively with the
German invaders in the hopes that such collaboration would purchase national sovereignty. In Belarus,
where the sense of national identity was much less developed, relatively fewer locals came forward in the
initial months to assist the Germans with their anti-Jewish and anti-Communist actions.
Baltic Sea
Sea of Azod
Black
Sea
Budapest
Vienna
Prague
Kiev
Berlin
Warsaw
Krakow
Gomel
Minsk
Leningrad
Moscow
Kursk
Stalingrad
Smolensk
Orscha
Mogilev
Bobruisk
Vitebsk
ROMANIA
HUNGARY
AUSTRIA
GERMANY
POLAND
CZECHOSLAVAKIA
LITHUANIA
EASTERN
BELORUSSIA
SOVIET UNION
LATVIA
ESTONIA
Eastern Belorussia
Soviet Union 1933
0 200
MILES
N
Belarus
US HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL MUSEUM
RESOURCES ON THE GERMAN MILITARY AND THE HOLOCAUST
From 1919 until September 1939, the area that makes up present-day Belarus was divided between two
countries: Poland and the Soviet Union. The eastern part of Belarus, where this case study takes place,
was part of the Soviet Union.
Belarus
Baltic Sea
Sea of Azod
Black
Sea
Budapest
Vienna
Prague
Kiev
Berlin
Warsaw
Krakow
Gomel
Minsk
Leningrad
Moscow
Kursk
Stalingrad
Smolensk
Orscha
Mogilev
Bobruisk
Vitebsk
ROMANIA
HUNGARY
AUSTRIA
GERMANY
POLAND
CZECHOSLAVAKIA
LITHUANIA
EASTERN
BELORUSSIA
SOVIET UNION
LATVIA
ESTONIA
Eastern Belorussia
Soviet Union 1933
0 200
MILES
N
US HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL MUSEUM
RESOURCES ON THE GERMAN MILITARY AND THE HOLOCAUST
On June 22, 1941, three German Army Groups invaded the Soviet Union. Behind each Army Group’s
front-line combat zone, a special rear area headquarters, called the Army Group Rear Area, controlled a
large area of occupied territory. Operating in the Army Group Rear Areas were special formations, including
police battalions, security divisions, and Einsatzgruppen, which carried out mass killings of perceived racial,
political, and military enemies. In Army Group Center (Rear) in eastern Belarus, these special formations
and the German military established and liquidated 101 ghettos between June 1941 and spring 1942.
Partisans in Belarus
In past wars, the German Army had developed a profound, even inflated fear of partisans. During the
Franco- Prussian War and World War I, its field officers, with full support of the commanding officers,
responded brutally to any real or perceived disorder behind the lines. On July 3, 1941, Soviet leader
Josef Stalin called upon Soviet citizens to rise up and fight the Germans, proclaiming:
Partisan units, mounted and on foot, must be formed in the area occupied by the enemy;
diversionary groups must be activated to combat enemy forces, to foment partisan warfare
everywhere, to blow up bridges and roads, to damage telephone and telegraph lines, and
to set fire to forests, stores, and transport. Conditions in the occupied regions must be made
unbearable for the enemy and all of his accomplices. They must be hounded and annihilated
at every step, and all their measures must be frustrated.
1
On July 16, Hitler responded, “the Russians
have now ordered partisan warfare behind
our front. This partisan war again has some
advantage for us; it enables us to eradicate
everyone who opposes us.” Hitler explicitly
called for “shooting anyone who even looks
askance at us.”
2
In reality, there was little partisan organization
or activity in 1941. Large groups of dispersed or
bypassed Red Army soldiers remained at large
in the countryside and some formed armed
1 Quoted in Leonid D. Grenkevich and David M. Glantz, The Soviet Partisan
Movement, 1941–1944: A Critical Historiographical Analysis (London: Frank
Cass Publishers, 1999), 75.
2 Quoted in Waitman Wade Beorn, Marching into Darkness: The Wehrmacht and
the Holocaust in Belarus (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2014), 60.
CASE STUDY: Army Group Center (Rear)
Men suspected of partisan activity sit on the ground awaiting their
execution by firing squad in the Soviet Union during September 1941.
German army soldiers and officers are visible in the background.
Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-212-0221-04
continued >>
RESOURCES ON THE GERMAN MILITARY AND THE HOLOCAUST
groups to attack German infrastructure and units. No significant partisan movement developed in Belarus
until 1942–43 when partisan activity emerged partly in response to the brutal German occupation policies.
Nevertheless, German soldiers and SS-police killed tens of thousands of unarmed civilians and disarmed
soldiers, justifying the slaughter by referring to an essentially invented partisan danger. From June 1941 until
May 1942, Army Group Center (Rear) reported 80,000 “partisan” deaths and 1,094 German losses.
The Mogilev Conference: “The Jew is a partisan and the partisan is a Jew.”
This slogan was the main focus of the September 1941 Mogilev Conference on “combating partisans” initiated
by General Max von Schenckendorff, commander of Army Group Center (Rear). Officers from various SS
and police units, including the Einsatzgruppen, as well as Wehrmacht regimental commanders and an officer
from each battalion participated in the conference. More than 50 percent of the participants were captains
or lieutenants. The conference summary disseminated to the company level in all units of Army Group
Center (Rear) contained the following statement:
The constant decision between life and death for partisans and suspicious persons is difficult
even for the hardest soldier. It must be done. He acts correctly who fights ruthlessly and mercilessly
with complete disregard for any personal surge of emotion.
3
3 Quoted in Waitman Wade Beorn, Marching into Darkness: The Wehrmacht and the Holocaust
in Belarus (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2014), 102–103.
CASE STUDY: Army Group Center (Rear) (continued)
RESOURCES ON THE GERMAN MILITARY AND THE HOLOCAUST
Einsatzgruppe B followed Army Group Center as it advanced into Soviet territory, starting from Warsaw
and fanning out across Belarus toward Minsk and Smolensk. It conducted mass killings of Jews in the
area controlled by Army Group Center (Rear) as well as in areas closer to the front. Beginning in August 1941,
Einsatzgruppe B was headquartered in Smolensk. In the fall of 1941, it operated largely west of the city in
eastern Belarus. The following document is a report compiled at headquarters in Berlin detailing the actions
of Einsatzgruppe B in the first week of October 1941.
1
The Chief of the Security Police and Security Service Berlin, October 25, 1941
50 copies (36th Copy)
Operational Situation Report USSR No. 124
Einsatzgruppe B
Location: Smolensk
Actions against Functionaries, Agents, Saboteurs, and Jews
...In Mogilev, the Jews also tried to sabotage their removal into the ghetto by fleeing en masse.
Einsatzkommando 8, with the help of the Order Police, blocked the roads leading out of town
and liquidated 113 Jews.
In the vicinity of Shklov, about 50 km north of Mogilev, acts of sabotage were constantly committed,
chiefly the destruction of the German Army’s telephone communication lines. An inquiry showed
that Jews of Shidov [probably Shklov] had taken part in these acts of sabotage; thus 627 Jews were
liquidated. In a further action, another 812 male and female persons were given ‘special treatment,’
all of them racially and mentally inferior elements….
In Borisov, another 83 persons were shot individually during the time of this report. They were
seditious Jews, former NKGB agents, and Communist functionaries.
Two large-scale actions were carried out by the platoon in Krupka and Sholopaniche: 912 Jews
were liquidated in the former, and 822 in the latter. The Krupka district can now be considered free
of Jews. The complete liquidation of all Jews in the two villages was deemed necessary in order to
deprive the numerous partisans and parachutists in these parts of any assistance which the Jews in
particular had given most persistently.
In Bobruisk, during the time under report, a platoon of Einsatzgruppe 8 executed 418 persons.
Among them were rebellious Jews and persons who had shielded former Red Army soldiers or who
had acted as spies for the partisans. Some of those executed had committed anti-German agitation,
conducting whisper campaigns and distributing leaflets….
On October 8, 1941, the complete liquidation of the Jews in the Vitebsk ghetto began owing to the
imminent danger of epidemics. The number of Jews who came under ‘special treatment’ amounted
to about 3,000….
1 Yitzhak Arad, Shmuel Krakowski, and Shmuel Spector, eds., The Einsatzgruppen Reports:
Selections from the Dispatches of the Nazi Death Squads’ Campaign Against the Jews in Occupied
Territories of the Soviet Union July 1941–January 1943, trans. Stella Schossberger (New York:
Holocaust Library, 1989), 204–206.
Einsatzgruppe B in Eastern Belarus
RESOURCES ON THE GERMAN MILITARY AND THE HOLOCAUST
CASE STUDY: 691st Regiment in October 1941
1
In the fall of 1941, the Wehrmacht’s 691st Infantry Regiment was charged with “security and pacification”
duties in occupied Belarus, in the area west of Mogilev, Orscha, and Vitebsk. Although the regiment’s
1st Battalion reported daily about “enemy contact,” there was no indication of a partisan threat. In late
September 1941, the battalion adjutant took part in the Mogilev Conference. In early October 1941,
Major Alfred Commichau, Commander of 1st Battalion, issued a verbal order to his three company leaders,
Hermann Kuhls, Josef Sibille, and Friedrich Nöll, to shoot the entire Jewish population in the localities
in which the companies were quartered.
1 This case study is based on research conducted by Waitman Wade Beorn.
See his book, Marching into Darkness: The Wehrmacht and the Holocaust in
Belarus (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2014).
Army Group Center (Rear)
GENERAL MAX VON SCHENCKENDORFF
339th Infantry Division
MAJOR GENERAL GEORG HEWELCKE
691st Infantry Regiment
LIEUTENANT COLONEL ERICH MÜLLER
1st Batallion
MAJOR ALFRED COMMICHAU
2nd Company
1ST LIEUTENANT HERMANN KUHLS
(33 years old, German Labor Front,
Nazi Party member since 1929)
3rd Company
CAPTAIN FRIEDRICH NÖLL
(44 years old, WWI vet, teacher, 4 years SA)
1st Company
1ST LIEUTENANT JOSEF SIBILLE
(47 years old, local leader of Nazi teacher group, WWI vet)
1ST SERGEANT EMIL ZIMBER
(career soldier, former police officer)
RESOURCES ON THE GERMAN MILITARY AND THE HOLOCAUST
CASE STUDY: Army Group Center (Rear) in October 1941
The 339th Infantry Division served in the Loire Valley in France from May to August 1941. In September, it
moved to Army Group Center (Rear) to take over security operations from another division. This map detail,
1
produced by Army Group Center (Rear), shows the locations of its composite units for October 9, 1941. The
691st Infantry Regiment was headquartered in Berezino; its first battalion, under Major Commichau, was
headquartered in Krugloye.
1 Map of Army Group Center (Rear), October 9, 1941. Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv RH 22-227
RESOURCES ON THE GERMAN MILITARY AND THE HOLOCAUST
339th Infantry Division Table of Organization and Equipment
1
1 Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv RH 22-225 p.157,
trans. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
Division HQ
Anti-tank
battalion
Signal Co.
Light
machine guns
Motorized map
printing office
Combat engineering
regiment HQ
Heavy
machine guns
Cavalry bicycle
recon. company
Pak 37mm
anti-tank guns
Combat engineer Co.
(with 3 platoons)
105 mm light
field howitzer (16)
Motor. divisional
supply office
105 mm light
field howitzer (18)
Motorized
butcher Co.
Infantry
regiment HQ
Bakery Co.
Staff
company HQ
Horse-drawn
transport column
without band
Battalion HQ
Infantry Co.
(split in 3 platoons)
Anti-tank
gun platoon
Motorized
signal platoon
Motorized
anti-tank Co.
Artillery
battalion
Artillery staff
company HQ
Horse-drawn
engineering
transport column
Supply Co.
Motorized
maintenance
platoon
Light motor
transport column
Motorized local
military police
Motorized field
post detachment
Veterinary Co.
Motorized
ambulance platoon
Medical Co.
Division Service
of Supply HQ
(partly motorized)
