CHAPTER 147A
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANTS, LICENSING
DEFINITIONS.147A.01
QUALIFICATIONS FOR LICENSURE.147A.02
TEMPORARY PERMIT.147A.025
PROTECTED TITLES AND RESTRICTIONS ON USE.147A.03
INACTIVE LICENSE.147A.05
CANCELLATION OF LICENSE FOR NONRENEWAL.147A.06
RENEWAL.147A.07
EXEMPTIONS.147A.08
SCOPE OF PRACTICE.147A.09
GROUNDS FOR DISCIPLINARY ACTION.147A.13
REPORTING OBLIGATIONS.147A.14
IMMUNITY.147A.15
REPORTS TO COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.147A.155
FORMS OF DISCIPLINARY ACTION.147A.16
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT ACCOUNTABILITY.147A.17
PRESCRIBING DRUGS AND THERAPEUTIC
DEVICES.
147A.185
IDENTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS.147A.19
RESPONDING TO DISASTER SITUATIONS.147A.23
CONTINUING EDUCATION REQUIREMENTS.147A.24
PROCEDURES.147A.26
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT ADVISORY COUNCIL.147A.27
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT APPLICATION AND
LICENSE FEES.
147A.28
LICENSE RENEWAL CYCLE CONVERSION.147A.29
147A.001 MS 2006 [Renumbered 15.001]
147A.01 DEFINITIONS.
Subdivision 1. Scope. For the purpose of this chapter the terms defined in this section have the meanings
given them.
Subd. 2. [Repealed by amendment, 2009 c 159 s 14]
Subd. 3. Administer. "Administer" means the delivery by a physician assistant of a legend drug to a
patient by injection, inhalation, ingestion, or by any other immediate means.
Subd. 4. MS 2018 [Repealed, 2020 c 115 art 2 s 34]
Subd. 5. [Repealed, 2016 c 125 s 16]
Subd. 6. Board. "Board" means the Board of Medical Practice or its designee.
Subd. 6a. Collaborating physician. "Collaborating physician" means a Minnesota licensed physician
who oversees the performance, practice, and activities of a physician assistant under a collaborative agreement
as described in section 147A.02, paragraph (c).
Subd. 7. Controlled substances. "Controlled substances" has the meaning given it in section 152.01,
subdivision 4.
Subd. 8. [Repealed by amendment, 2009 c 159 s 14]
Subd. 9. Diagnostic order. "Diagnostic order" means a directive to perform a procedure or test, the
purpose of which is to determine the cause and nature of a pathological condition or disease.
Subd. 10. Drug. "Drug" has the meaning given it in section 151.01, subdivision 5, including controlled
substances as defined in section 152.01, subdivision 4.
Subd. 11. MS 2018 [Repealed, 2020 c 115 art 2 s 34]
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Subd. 12. Inactive. "Inactive" means a licensed physician assistant whose license has been placed on
inactive status under section 147A.05.
Subd. 13. [Repealed by amendment, 2009 c 159 s 14]
Subd. 14. Legend drug. "Legend drug" has the meaning given it in section 151.01, subdivision 17.
Subd. 14a. Licensed. "Licensed" means meeting the qualifications in section 147A.02 and being issued
a license by the board.
Subd. 14b. Licensure. "Licensure" means the process by which the board determines that an applicant
has met the standards and qualifications in this chapter.
Subd. 15. [Repealed by amendment, 2009 c 159 s 14]
Subd. 16. Medical device. "Medical device" means durable medical equipment and assistive or
rehabilitative appliances, objects, or products that are required to implement the overall plan of care for the
patient and that are restricted by federal law to use upon prescription by a licensed practitioner.
Subd. 16a. MS 2018 [Repealed, 2020 c 115 art 2 s 34]
Subd. 17. Physician. "Physician" means a person currently licensed in good standing as a physician or
osteopathic physician under chapter 147.
Subd. 17a. MS 2018 [Repealed, 2020 c 115 art 2 s 34]
Subd. 18. Physician assistant or licensed physician assistant. "Physician assistant" or "licensed
physician assistant" means a person licensed pursuant to this chapter who meets the qualifications in section
147A.02.
Subd. 19. [Repealed by amendment, 2009 c 159 s 14]
Subd. 20. Prescribe. "Prescribe" means to direct, order, or designate by means of a prescription the
preparation, use of, or manner of using a drug or medical device.
Subd. 21. Prescription. "Prescription" means a signed written order, an oral order reduced to writing,
or an electronic order meeting current and prevailing standards given by a physician assistant for patients
in the course of the physician assistant's practice and issued for an individual patient.
Subd. 22. [Repealed by amendment, 2009 c 159 s 14]
Subd. 23. MS 2020 [Repealed, 2022 c 58 s 171]
Subd. 24. MS 2018 [Repealed, 2020 c 115 art 2 s 34]
Subd. 25. MS 2018 [Repealed, 2020 c 115 art 2 s 34]
Subd. 26. Therapeutic order. "Therapeutic order" means a written or verbal order given to another for
the purpose of treating or curing a patient in the course of a physician assistant's practice.
Subd. 27. Verbal order. "Verbal order" means an oral order given to another for the purpose of treating
or curing a patient in the course of a physician assistant's practice.
History: 1995 c 205 art 1 s 1; 2003 c 2 art 1 s 18,19; 2009 c 159 s 14; 2016 c 119 s 7; 2016 c 125 s
1,2; 2020 c 115 art 2 s 3-7; 2022 c 55 art 1 s 38
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147A.02 QUALIFICATIONS FOR LICENSURE.
(a) The board may grant a license as a physician assistant to an applicant who:
(1) submits an application on forms approved by the board;
(2) pays the appropriate fee as determined by the board;
(3) has current certification from the National Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants, or
its successor agency as approved by the board;
(4) certifies that the applicant is mentally and physically able to engage safely in practice as a physician
assistant;
(5) has no licensure, certification, or registration as a physician assistant under current discipline,
revocation, suspension, or probation for cause resulting from the applicant's practice as a physician assistant,
unless the board considers the condition and agrees to licensure;
(6) submits any other information the board deems necessary to evaluate the applicant's qualifications;
and
(7) has been approved by the board.
(b) All persons registered as physician assistants as of June 30, 1995, are eligible for continuing license
renewal. All persons applying for licensure after that date shall be licensed according to this chapter.
(c) A physician assistant who qualifies for licensure must practice for at least 2,080 hours, within the
context of a collaborative agreement, within a hospital or integrated clinical setting where physician assistants
and physicians work together to provide patient care. The physician assistant shall submit written evidence
to the board with the application, or upon completion of the required collaborative practice experience. For
purposes of this paragraph, a collaborative agreement is a mutually agreed upon plan for the overall working
relationship and collaborative arrangement between a physician assistant, and one or more physicians licensed
under chapter 147, that designates the scope of services that can be provided to manage the care of patients.
The physician assistant and one of the collaborative physicians must have experience in providing care to
patients with the same or similar medical conditions. The collaborating physician is not required to be
physically present so long as the collaborating physician and physician assistant are or can be easily in
contact with each other by radio, telephone, or other telecommunication device.
History: 1995 c 205 art 1 s 2; 2004 c 279 art 2 s 1; 2009 c 159 s 15; 2020 c 115 art 2 s 8
147A.025 TEMPORARY PERMIT.
(a) An applicant for licensure under section 147A.02 may request the board to issue a temporary permit
in accordance with this section. Upon receipt of the application for licensure, a request for a temporary
permit, and a nonrefundable physician assistant application fee as specified under section 147A.28, the board
may issue a temporary permit to practice as a physician assistant if the applicant is:
(1) currently licensed in good standing to practice as a physician assistant in another state, territory, or
Canadian province; and
(2) not subject to a pending investigation or disciplinary action in any state, territory, or Canadian
province.
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(b) A temporary permit issued under this section is nonrenewable and shall be valid until a decision is
made on the physician assistant's application for licensure or for 90 days, whichever occurs first.
(c) The board may revoke the temporary permit that has been issued under this section if the applicant
is the subject of an investigation or disciplinary action or is disqualified for licensure for any other reason.
(d) Notwithstanding section 13.41, subdivision 2, the board may release information regarding any
action taken by the board pursuant to this section.
History: 2022 c 99 art 2 s 5
147A.03 PROTECTED TITLES AND RESTRICTIONS ON USE.
Subdivision 1. Protected titles. No individual may use the titles "Minnesota Licensed Physician
Assistant," "Licensed Physician Assistant," "Physician Assistant," or "PA" in connection with the individual's
name, or any other words, letters, abbreviations, or insignia indicating or implying that the individual is
licensed by the state unless they have been licensed according to this chapter.
Subd. 1a. Licensure required. Except as provided under subdivision 2, it is unlawful for any person
to practice as a physician assistant without being issued a valid license according to this chapter.
Subd. 2. Health care practitioners. Individuals practicing in a health care occupation are not restricted
in the provision of services included in this chapter as long as they do not hold themselves out as physician
assistants by or through the titles provided in subdivision 1 in association with provision of these services.
Subd. 3. [Repealed by amendment, 2009 c 159 s 16]
Subd. 4. Sanctions. Individuals who hold themselves out as physician assistants by or through any of
the titles provided in subdivision 1 without prior licensure shall be subject to sanctions or actions against
continuing the activity according to section 214.11, or other authority.
History: 1995 c 205 art 1 s 3; 2009 c 159 s 16; 2020 c 115 art 2 s 9
147A.04 MS 2018 [Repealed, 2020 c 115 art 2 s 34]
147A.05 INACTIVE LICENSE.
(a) Physician assistants who notify the board in writing may elect to place their license on an inactive
status. Physician assistants with an inactive license shall be excused from payment of renewal fees and shall
not practice as physician assistants. Persons who engage in practice while their license is lapsed or on inactive
status shall be considered to be practicing without a license, which shall be grounds for discipline under
section 147A.13. Physician assistants who provide care under the provisions of section 147A.23 shall not
be considered practicing without a license or subject to disciplinary action. Physician assistants who notify
the board of their intent to resume active practice shall be required to pay the current renewal fees and all
unpaid back fees and shall be required to meet the criteria for renewal specified in section 147A.07.
(b) Notwithstanding section 147A.03, subdivision 1, a person with an inactive license may continue to
use the protected titles specified in section 147A.03, subdivision 1, so long as the person does not practice
as a physician assistant.
History: 1995 c 205 art 1 s 5; 2009 c 159 s 18; 2020 c 115 art 2 s 10
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147A.06 CANCELLATION OF LICENSE FOR NONRENEWAL.
Subdivision 1. Cancellation of license. The board shall not renew, reissue, reinstate, or restore a license
that has lapsed and has not been renewed within two annual renewal cycles. A licensee whose license is
canceled for nonrenewal must obtain a new license by applying for licensure and fulfilling all requirements
then in existence for an initial license to practice as a physician assistant.
Subd. 2. Licensure following lapse of licensed status; transition. (a) A licensee whose license has
lapsed under subdivision 1 before January 1, 2020, and who seeks to regain licensed status after January 1,
2020, shall be treated as a first-time licensee only for purposes of establishing a license renewal schedule,
and shall not be subject to the license cycle conversion provisions in section 147A.29.
(b) This subdivision expires July 1, 2022.
History: 1995 c 205 art 1 s 6; 2009 c 159 s 19; 2019 c 8 art 1 s 1; 2020 c 115 art 2 s 11
147A.07 RENEWAL.
(a) A person who holds a license as a physician assistant shall annually, upon notification from the
board, renew the license by:
(1) submitting the appropriate fee as determined by the board;
(2) completing the appropriate forms; and
(3) meeting any other requirements of the board.
(b) A licensee must maintain a correct mailing address with the board for receiving board communications,
notices, and license renewal documents. Placing the license renewal application in first-class United States
mail, addressed to the licensee at the licensee's last known address with postage prepaid, constitutes valid
service. Failure to receive the renewal documents does not relieve a licensee of the obligation to comply
with this section.
(c) The name of a licensee who does not return a complete license renewal application, annual license
fee, or late application fee, as applicable, within the time period required by this section shall be removed
from the list of individuals authorized to practice during the current renewal period. If the licensee's license
is reinstated, the licensee's name shall be placed on the list of individuals authorized to practice.
History: 1995 c 205 art 1 s 7; 2009 c 159 s 20; 2019 c 8 art 1 s 2
147A.08 EXEMPTIONS.
(a) This chapter does not apply to, control, prevent, or restrict the practice, service, or activities of persons
listed in section 147.09, clauses (1) to (6) and (8) to (13); persons regulated under section 214.01, subdivision
2; or midlevel practitioners, nurses, or nurse-midwives as defined in section 144.1501, subdivision 1.
(b) Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to require licensure of:
(1) a physician assistant student enrolled in a physician assistant educational program accredited by the
Accreditation Review Commission on Education for the Physician Assistant or by its successor agency
approved by the board;
(2) a physician assistant employed in the service of the federal government while performing duties
incident to that employment; or
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(3) technicians, other assistants, or employees of physicians who perform delegated tasks in the office
of a physician but who do not identify themselves as a physician assistant.
History: 1995 c 205 art 1 s 8; 1997 c 183 art 2 s 20; 1Sp2003 c 14 art 7 s 47; 1Sp2005 c 4 art 6 s 40;
2009 c 159 s 21; 2016 c 158 art 1 s 65; 2023 c 75 s 8
147A.09 SCOPE OF PRACTICE.
Subdivision 1. Scope of practice. Physician assistants shall practice medicine only under an established
practice agreement.
A physician assistant's scope of practice includes:
(1) services within the training and experience of the physician assistant;
(2) patient services customary to the practice of the physician assistant and the practice agreement; and
(3) services within the parameters of the laws, rules, and standards of the facilities in which the physician
assistant practices.
Subd. 2. Patient services. Patient services may include, but are not limited to, the following:
(1) taking patient histories and developing medical status reports;
(2) performing physical examinations;
(3) interpreting and evaluating patient data;
(4) ordering, performing, or reviewing diagnostic procedures, including the use of radiographic imaging
systems in compliance with Minnesota Rules 2007, chapter 4732, but excluding interpreting computed
tomography scans, magnetic resonance imaging scans, positron emission tomography scans, nuclear scans,
and mammography;
(5) ordering or performing therapeutic procedures including the use of ionizing radiation in compliance
with Minnesota Rules 2007, chapter 4732;
(6) providing instructions regarding patient care, disease prevention, and health promotion;
(7) providing patient care in the home and in health care facilities;
(8) creating and maintaining appropriate patient records;
(9) transmitting or executing specific orders;
(10) prescribing, administering, and dispensing drugs, controlled substances, and medical devices,
including administering local anesthetics, but excluding anesthetics injected in connection with an operating
room procedure, inhaled anesthesia, and spinal anesthesia;
(11) functioning as an emergency medical technician with permission of the ambulance service and in
compliance with section 144E.127, and ambulance service rules adopted by the commissioner of health;
(12) initiating evaluation and treatment procedures essential to providing an appropriate response to
emergency situations;
(13) certifying a patient's eligibility for a disability parking certificate under section 169.345, subdivision
2;
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(14) assisting at surgery; and
(15) providing medical authorization for admission for emergency care and treatment of a patient under
section 253B.051, subdivision 1.
Subd. 3. Practice agreement review. A physician assistant shall have a practice agreement at the practice
level that describes the practice of the physician assistant. The practice agreement must be reviewed on an
annual basis by a licensed physician within the same clinic, hospital, health system, or other facility as the
physician assistant and has knowledge of the physician assistant's practice to ensure that the physician
assistant's medical practice is consistent with the practice agreement. A document stating that the review
occurred must be maintained at the practice level and made available to the board, upon request.
Subd. 4. Scope of practice limitations; spinal injections for acute and chronic pain. Notwithstanding
subdivision 1, a physician assistant may only perform spinal injections to address acute and chronic pain
symptoms upon referral and in collaboration with a physician licensed under chapter 147. For purposes of
performing spinal injections for acute or chronic pain symptoms, the physician assistant and one or more
physicians licensed under chapter 147 must have a mutually agreed upon plan that designates the scope of
collaboration necessary for treating patients with acute and chronic pain.
Subd. 5. Scope of practice limitations; psychiatric care for children with emotional disturbance
or adults with serious mental illness. Notwithstanding subdivision 1, a physician assistant may only provide
ongoing psychiatric treatment for children with emotional disturbance, as defined in section 245.4871,
subdivision 15, or adults with serious mental illness in collaboration with a physician licensed under chapter
147. For purposes of providing ongoing psychiatric treatment for children with emotional disturbance or
adults with serious mental illness, the practice agreement between the physician assistant and one or more
physicians licensed under chapter 147 must define the collaboration between the physician assistant and the
collaborating physician, including appropriate consultation or referral to psychiatry.
History: 1995 c 205 art 1 s 9; 1997 c 199 s 14; 1999 c 245 art 9 s 65; 2003 c 108 s 1; 2004 c 279 art
2 s 2; 2009 c 159 s 22; 2020 c 115 art 2 s 12; 2023 c 25 s 49
147A.10 MS 2018 [Repealed, 2020 c 115 art 2 s 34]
147A.11 MS 2018 [Repealed, 2020 c 115 art 2 s 34]
147A.13 GROUNDS FOR DISCIPLINARY ACTION.
Subdivision 1. Grounds listed. The board may refuse to grant licensure or may impose disciplinary
action as described in this subdivision against any physician assistant. The following conduct is prohibited
and is grounds for disciplinary action:
(1) failure to demonstrate the qualifications or satisfy the requirements for licensure contained in this
chapter or rules of the board. The burden of proof shall be upon the applicant to demonstrate such
qualifications or satisfaction of such requirements;
(2) obtaining a license by fraud or cheating, or attempting to subvert the examination process. Conduct
which subverts or attempts to subvert the examination process includes, but is not limited to:
(i) conduct which violates the security of the examination materials, such as removing examination
materials from the examination room or having unauthorized possession of any portion of a future, current,
or previously administered licensing examination;
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(ii) conduct which violates the standard of test administration, such as communicating with another
examinee during administration of the examination, copying another examinee's answers, permitting another
examinee to copy one's answers, or possessing unauthorized materials; and
(iii) impersonating an examinee or permitting an impersonator to take the examination on one's own
behalf;
(3) conviction, during the previous five years, of a felony reasonably related to the practice of physician
assistant. Conviction as used in this subdivision includes a conviction of an offense which if committed in
this state would be deemed a felony without regard to its designation elsewhere, or a criminal proceeding
where a finding or verdict of guilt is made or returned but the adjudication of guilt is either withheld or not
entered;
(4) revocation, suspension, restriction, limitation, or other disciplinary action against the person's
physician assistant credentials in another state or jurisdiction, failure to report to the board that charges
regarding the person's credentials have been brought in another state or jurisdiction, or having been refused
licensure by any other state or jurisdiction;
(5) advertising which is false or misleading, violates any rule of the board, or claims without substantiation
the positive cure of any disease or professional superiority to or greater skill than that possessed by another
physician assistant;
(6) violating a rule adopted by the board or an order of the board, a state, or federal law which relates
to the practice of a physician assistant, or in part regulates the practice of a physician assistant, including
without limitation sections 604.201, 609.344, and 609.345, or a state or federal narcotics or controlled
substance law;
(7) engaging in any unethical conduct; conduct likely to deceive, defraud, or harm the public, or
demonstrating a willful or careless disregard for the health, welfare, or safety of a patient; or practice which
is professionally incompetent, in that it may create unnecessary danger to any patient's life, health, or safety,
in any of which cases, proof of actual injury need not be established;
(8) engaging in the practice of medicine beyond what is allowed under this chapter, or aiding or abetting
an unlicensed person in the practice of medicine;
(9) adjudication as mentally incompetent, mentally ill or developmentally disabled, or as a chemically
dependent person, a person dangerous to the public, a sexually dangerous person, or a person who has a
sexual psychopathic personality by a court of competent jurisdiction, within or without this state. Such
adjudication shall automatically suspend a license for its duration unless the board orders otherwise;
(10) engaging in unprofessional conduct. Unprofessional conduct includes any departure from or the
failure to conform to the minimal standards of acceptable and prevailing practice in which proceeding actual
injury to a patient need not be established;
(11) inability to practice with reasonable skill and safety to patients by reason of illness, drunkenness,
use of drugs, narcotics, chemicals, or any other type of material, or as a result of any mental or physical
condition, including deterioration through the aging process or loss of motor skills;
(12) revealing a privileged communication from or relating to a patient except when otherwise required
or permitted by law;
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(13) any identification of a physician assistant by the title "Physician" in a patient care setting or in a
communication directed to the general public;
(14) improper management of medical records, including failure to maintain adequate medical records,
to comply with a patient's request made pursuant to sections 144.291 to 144.298, or to furnish a medical
record or report required by law;
(15) engaging in abusive or fraudulent billing practices, including violations of the federal Medicare
and Medicaid laws or state medical assistance laws;
(16) becoming addicted or habituated to a drug or intoxicant;
(17) prescribing a drug or device for other than medically accepted therapeutic, experimental, or
investigative purposes authorized by a state or federal agency or referring a patient to any health care provider
as defined in sections 144.291 to 144.298 for services or tests not medically indicated at the time of referral;
(18) engaging in conduct with a patient which is sexual or may reasonably be interpreted by the patient
as sexual, or in any verbal behavior which is seductive or sexually demeaning to a patient;
(19) failure to make reports as required by section 147A.14 or to cooperate with an investigation of the
board as required by section 147A.15, subdivision 3;
(20) knowingly providing false or misleading information that is directly related to the care of that
patient unless done for an accepted therapeutic purpose such as the administration of a placebo;
(21) aiding suicide or aiding attempted suicide in violation of section 609.215 as established by any of
the following:
(i) a copy of the record of criminal conviction or plea of guilty for a felony in violation of section 609.215,
subdivision 1 or 2;
(ii) a copy of the record of a judgment of contempt of court for violating an injunction issued under
section 609.215, subdivision 4;
(iii) a copy of the record of a judgment assessing damages under section 609.215, subdivision 5; or
(iv) a finding by the board that the person violated section 609.215, subdivision 1 or 2. The board shall
investigate any complaint of a violation of section 609.215, subdivision 1 or 2; or
(22) failure to maintain the proof of review document as required under section 147A.09, subdivision
3, or to provide a copy of the document upon request of the board.
Subd. 1a. Reproductive health care services. (a) For purposes of this subdivision, "reproductive health
care services" has the meaning given in section 147.091, subdivision 1c.
(b) Notwithstanding subdivision 1, clause (3) or (4), the board shall not refuse to grant a license to an
applicant for licensure or impose disciplinary action against a physician assistant solely on one or more of
the following grounds:
(1) the applicant or physician assistant provided or assisted in the provision of reproductive health care
services in a manner that is lawful in this state and that is within the applicable scope of practice;
(2) the applicant or physician assistant was convicted in another jurisdiction of a felony resulting from
conduct specified in clause (1); or
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(3) the applicant or physician assistant was subject to disciplinary action in another jurisdiction or was
refused a physician assistant license in another jurisdiction resulting from conduct specified in clause (1).
Subd. 2. Effective dates, automatic suspension. A suspension, revocation, condition, limitation,
qualification, or restriction of a license shall be in effect pending determination of an appeal unless the court,
upon petition and for good cause shown, orders otherwise.
A physician assistant license is automatically suspended if:
(1) a guardian of a licensee is appointed by order of a court pursuant to sections 524.5-101 to 524.5-502,
for reasons other than the minority of the licensee; or
(2) the licensee is committed by order of a court pursuant to chapter 253B. The license remains suspended
until the licensee is restored to capacity by a court and, upon petition by the licensee, the suspension is
terminated by the board after a hearing.
Subd. 3. Conditions on reissued license. In its discretion, the board may restore and reissue a physician
assistant license, but may impose as a condition any disciplinary or corrective measure which it might
originally have imposed.
Subd. 4. Temporary suspension of license. In addition to any other remedy provided by law, the board
may, without a hearing, temporarily suspend the license of a physician assistant if the board finds that the
physician assistant has violated a statute or rule which the board is empowered to enforce and continued
practice by the physician assistant would create a serious risk of harm to the public. The suspension shall
take effect upon written notice to the physician assistant, specifying the statute or rule violated. The suspension
shall remain in effect until the board issues a final order in the matter after a hearing. At the time it issues
the suspension notice, the board shall schedule a disciplinary hearing to be held pursuant to the Administrative
Procedure Act.
The physician assistant shall be provided with at least 20 days' notice of any hearing held pursuant to
this subdivision. The hearing shall be scheduled to begin no later than 30 days after the issuance of the
suspension order.
Subd. 5. Evidence. In disciplinary actions alleging a violation of subdivision 1, clause (3) or (4), a copy
of the judgment or proceeding under the seal of the court administrator or of the administrative agency which
entered it shall be admissible into evidence without further authentication and shall constitute prima facie
evidence of the contents thereof.
Subd. 6. Mental examination; access to medical data. (a) If the board has probable cause to believe
that a physician assistant comes under subdivision 1, clause (1), it may direct the physician assistant to
submit to a mental or physical examination. For the purpose of this subdivision, every physician assistant
licensed under this chapter is deemed to have consented to submit to a mental or physical examination when
directed in writing by the board and further to have waived all objections to the admissibility of the examining
physicians' testimony or examination reports on the ground that the same constitute a privileged
communication. Failure of a physician assistant to submit to an examination when directed constitutes an
admission of the allegations against the physician assistant, unless the failure was due to circumstance beyond
the physician assistant's control, in which case a default and final order may be entered without the taking
of testimony or presentation of evidence. A physician assistant affected under this subdivision shall at
reasonable intervals be given an opportunity to demonstrate that the physician assistant can resume competent
practice with reasonable skill and safety to patients. In any proceeding under this subdivision, neither the
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record of proceedings nor the orders entered by the board shall be used against a physician assistant in any
other proceeding.
(b) In addition to ordering a physical or mental examination, the board may, notwithstanding sections
13.384, 144.651, or any other law limiting access to medical or other health data, obtain medical data and
health records relating to a licensee or applicant without the licensee's or applicant's consent if the board
has probable cause to believe that a physician assistant comes under subdivision 1, clause (1).
The medical data may be requested from a provider, as defined in section 144.291, subdivision 2,
paragraph (i), an insurance company, or a government agency, including the Department of Human Services.
A provider, insurance company, or government agency shall comply with any written request of the board
under this subdivision and is not liable in any action for damages for releasing the data requested by the
board if the data are released pursuant to a written request under this subdivision, unless the information is
false and the provider giving the information knew, or had reason to believe, the information was false.
Information obtained under this subdivision is classified as private under chapter 13.
Subd. 7. Tax clearance certificate. (a) In addition to the provisions of subdivision 1, the board may
not issue or renew a license if the commissioner of revenue notifies the board and the licensee or applicant
for licensure that the licensee or applicant owes the state delinquent taxes in the amount of $500 or more.
The board may issue or renew the license only if:
(1) the commissioner of revenue issues a tax clearance certificate; and
(2) the commissioner of revenue, the licensee, or the applicant forwards a copy of the clearance to the
board.
The commissioner of revenue may issue a clearance certificate only if the licensee or applicant does not
owe the state any uncontested delinquent taxes.
(b) For purposes of this subdivision, the following terms have the meanings given:
(1) "Taxes" are all taxes payable to the commissioner of revenue, including penalties and interest due
on those taxes, and
(2) "Delinquent taxes" do not include a tax liability if:
(i) an administrative or court action that contests the amount or validity of the liability has been filed or
served;
(ii) the appeal period to contest the tax liability has not expired; or
(iii) the licensee or applicant has entered into a payment agreement to pay the liability and is current
with the payments.
(c) When a licensee or applicant is required to obtain a clearance certificate under this subdivision, a
contested case hearing must be held if the licensee or applicant requests a hearing in writing to the
commissioner of revenue within 30 days of the date of the notice provided in paragraph (a). The hearing
must be held within 45 days of the date the commissioner of revenue refers the case to the Office of
Administrative Hearings. Notwithstanding any law to the contrary, the licensee or applicant must be served
with 20 days' notice in writing specifying the time and place of the hearing and the allegations against the
registrant or applicant. The notice may be served personally or by mail.
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(d) The board shall require all licensees or applicants to provide their Social Security number and
Minnesota business identification number on all license applications. Upon request of the commissioner of
revenue, the board must provide to the commissioner of revenue a list of all licensees and applicants, including
their names and addresses, Social Security numbers, and business identification numbers. The commissioner
of revenue may request a list of the licensees and applicants no more than once each calendar year.
Subd. 8. Limitation. No board proceeding against a licensee shall be instituted unless commenced
within seven years from the date of commission of some portion of the offense except for alleged violations
of subdivision 1, clause (19), or subdivision 7.
History: 1995 c 205 art 1 s 12; 1997 c 7 art 1 s 76; 1999 c 227 s 22; 2004 c 146 art 3 s 7; 2005 c 56 s
1; 2007 c 147 art 10 s 15; 2009 c 159 s 24; 2020 c 83 art 2 s 7; 2020 c 115 art 2 s 13; 2023 c 31 s 3
147A.14 REPORTING OBLIGATIONS.
Subdivision 1. Permission to report. A person who has knowledge of any conduct constituting grounds
for discipline under this chapter may report the violation to the board.
Subd. 2. Institutions. Any hospital, clinic, prepaid medical plan, or other health care institution or
organization located in this state shall report to the board any action taken by the institution or organization,
any of its administrators, or its medical or other committees to revoke, suspend, restrict, or condition a
physician assistant's privilege to practice or treat patients in the institution or as part of the organization, any
denial of privileges, or any other disciplinary action. The institution or organization shall also report the
resignation of any physician assistants prior to the conclusion of any disciplinary proceeding, or prior to the
commencement of formal charges but after the physician assistant had knowledge that formal charges were
contemplated or in preparation. Each report made under this subdivision must state the nature of the action
taken, state in detail the reasons for the action, and identify the specific patient medical records upon which
the action was based. No report shall be required of a physician assistant voluntarily limiting the practice
of the physician assistant at a hospital provided that the physician assistant notifies all hospitals at which
the physician assistant has privileges of the voluntary limitation and the reasons for it.
Subd. 3. Physician assistant organizations. A state or local physician assistant organization shall report
to the board any termination, revocation, or suspension of membership or any other disciplinary action taken
against a physician assistant. If the society has received a complaint which might be grounds for discipline
under this chapter against a member physician assistant on which it has not taken any disciplinary action,
the society shall report the complaint and the reason why it has not taken action on it or shall direct the
complainant to the Board of Medical Practice. This subdivision does not apply to a physician assistant
organization when it performs peer review functions as an agent of an outside entity, organization, or system.
Subd. 4. Licensed professionals. Licensed health professionals and persons holding residency permits
under section 147.0391, shall report to the board personal knowledge of any conduct which the person
reasonably believes constitutes grounds for disciplinary action under this chapter by a physician assistant,
including any conduct indicating that the person may be incompetent, or may have engaged in unprofessional
conduct or may be medically or physically unable to engage safely in practice as a physician assistant. No
report shall be required if the information was obtained in the course of a provider-patient relationship if
the patient is a physician assistant, and the treating provider successfully counsels the person to limit or
withdraw from practice to the extent required by the impairment.
Subd. 5. Insurers. Four times each year as prescribed by the board, each insurer authorized to sell
insurance described in section 60A.06, subdivision 1, clause (13), and providing professional liability
insurance to physician assistants, and any medical clinic, hospital, political subdivision, or other entity that
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self-insures and provides professional liability coverage to physician assistants, shall submit to the board a
report concerning the physician assistants against whom professional malpractice settlements or awards
have been made to the plaintiff.
Any medical clinic, hospital, political subdivision, or other entity which provides liability coverage on
behalf of a physician assistant shall submit to the board a report concerning settlements or awards paid on
behalf of a physician assistant, and any settlements or awards paid by a clinic, hospital, political subdivision,
or other entity on its own behalf because of care rendered by a physician assistant. The report shall be made
to the board within 30 days of any settlement. The report must contain at least the following information:
(1) the total number of medical malpractice settlements or awards made to the plaintiff;
(2) the date the medical malpractice settlements or awards to the plaintiff were made;
(3) the allegations contained in the claim or complaint leading to the settlements or awards made to the
plaintiff;
(4) the dollar amount of each medical malpractice settlement or award;
(5) the regular address of the practice of the physician assistant against whom an award was made or
with whom a settlement was made; and
(6) the name of the physician assistant against whom an award was made or with whom a settlement
was made.
The insurance company shall, in addition to the above information, report to the board any information
it possesses which tends to substantiate a charge that a physician assistant may have engaged in conduct
violating this chapter.
Subd. 6. Courts. The court administrator of district court or any other court of competent jurisdiction
shall report to the board any judgment or other determination of the court which adjudges or includes a
finding that a physician assistant is mentally ill, mentally incompetent, guilty of a felony, guilty of a violation
of federal or state narcotics laws or controlled substances act, or guilty of an abuse or fraud under Medicare
or Medicaid, appoints a guardian of the physician assistant pursuant to sections 524.5-101 to 524.5-502, or
commits a physician assistant pursuant to chapter 253B.
Subd. 7. Self-reporting. A physician assistant shall report to the board any personal action which is a
violation of this chapter.
Subd. 8. Deadlines; forms. Reports required by subdivisions 2 to 7 must be submitted not later than 30
days after the occurrence of the reportable event or transaction. The board may provide forms for the
submission of reports required by this section, may require that reports be submitted on the forms provided,
and may adopt rules necessary to assure prompt and accurate reporting.
Subd. 9. Subpoenas. The board may issue subpoenas for the production of any reports required by
subdivisions 2 to 7 or any related documents.
History: 1995 c 205 art 1 s 13; 2004 c 146 art 3 s 47; 2020 c 115 art 2 s 14
147A.15 IMMUNITY.
Subdivision 1. Reporting. Any person, health care facility, business, or organization is immune from
civil liability or criminal prosecution for submitting a report to the board pursuant to this chapter or for
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otherwise reporting to the board violations or alleged violations of this chapter. All such reports are
confidential and absolutely privileged communications.
Subd. 2. Investigation; indemnification. (a) Members of the board, persons employed by the board,
and consultants retained by the board for the purpose of investigation of violations or the preparation and
management of charges of violations of this chapter on behalf of the board are immune from civil liability
and criminal prosecution for any actions, transactions, or publications in the execution of, or relating to,
their duties under this chapter.
(b) Members of the board and persons employed by the board or engaged in maintaining records and
making reports regarding adverse health care events are immune from civil liability and criminal prosecution
for any actions, transactions, or publications in the execution of or relating to their duties under section
147A.155.
(c) For purposes of this section, a member of the board or a consultant described in paragraph (a) is
considered a state employee under section 3.736, subdivision 9.
Subd. 3. Physician assistant cooperation. A physician assistant who is the subject of an investigation
by or on behalf of the board shall cooperate fully with the investigation. Cooperation includes responding
fully and promptly to any question raised by or on behalf of the board relating to the subject of the
investigation and providing copies of patient medical records, as reasonably requested by the board, to assist
the board in its investigation. The board shall pay for copies requested. If the board does not have a written
consent from a patient permitting access to the patient's records, the physician assistant shall delete any data
in the record which identifies the patient before providing it to the board. The board shall maintain any
records obtained pursuant to this section as investigative data pursuant to chapter 13.
History: 1995 c 205 art 1 s 14; 2004 c 186 s 5
147A.155 REPORTS TO COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
(a) The board shall maintain a record of an event that comes to the board's attention that, in the judgment
of the board or a committee of the board, qualifies as an adverse health care event under section 144.7065.
(b) Within 30 days of making a determination under paragraph (a) that an event qualifies as an adverse
health care event, the board shall forward to the commissioner of health a report of the event, including the
facility involved, the date of the event, and information known to the board regarding the event. The report
shall not include any identifying information for any of the health care professionals, facility employees, or
patients involved.
History: 2004 c 186 s 6
147A.16 FORMS OF DISCIPLINARY ACTION.
(a) When the board finds that a licensed physician assistant has violated a provision of this chapter, it
may do one or more of the following:
(1) revoke the license;
(2) suspend the license;
(3) impose limitations or conditions on the physician assistant's practice, including limiting the scope
of practice to designated field specialties; imposing retraining or rehabilitation requirements; or limiting
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practice until demonstration of knowledge or skills by appropriate examination or other review of skill and
competence;
(4) impose a civil penalty not exceeding $10,000 for each separate violation, the amount of the civil
penalty to be fixed to deprive the physician assistant of any economic advantage gained by reason of the
violation charged or to reimburse the board for the cost of the investigation and proceeding; or
(5) censure or reprimand the licensed physician assistant.
(b) Upon judicial review of any board disciplinary action taken under this chapter, the reviewing court
shall seal the administrative record, except for the board's final decision, and shall not make the administrative
record available to the public.
History: 1995 c 205 art 1 s 15; 2009 c 159 s 25; 2020 c 115 art 2 s 15; 2023 c 70 art 6 s 13
147A.17 PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT ACCOUNTABILITY.
Subdivision 1. Investigation. The board shall maintain and keep current a file containing the reports
and complaints filed against physician assistants in the state. Each complaint filed with the board pursuant
to section 214.10, subdivision 1, shall be investigated according to section 214.10, subdivision 2.
Whenever the files maintained by the board show that a medical malpractice settlement or award to the
plaintiff has been made against a physician assistant as reported by insurers pursuant to this chapter, the
executive director of the board shall notify the board and the board may authorize a review of the physician
assistant's practice.
Subd. 2. Attorney general investigation. When the board initiates a review of a physician assistant's
practice, it shall notify the attorney general who shall investigate the matter in the same manner as provided
in section 214.10. If an investigation is to be made, the attorney general shall notify the physician assistant,
and, if the incident being investigated occurred there, the administrator and chief of staff at the medical care
facilities in which the physician assistant serves.
Subd. 3. Access to hospital records. The board shall have access to hospital and medical records of a
patient treated by the physician assistant under review if the patient signs a written consent form permitting
such access. If no consent form has been signed, the hospital or physician assistant shall first delete data in
the record which identifies the patient before providing it to the board.
History: 1995 c 205 art 1 s 16
147A.18 Subdivision 1. MS 2018 [Repealed, 2020 c 115 art 2 s 34]
Subd. 2. MS 2018 [Repealed, 2020 c 115 art 2 s 34]
Subd. 3. MS 2018 [Repealed, 2020 c 115 art 2 s 34]
Subd. 4. [Repealed by amendment, 2009 c 159 s 26]
Subd. 5. [Repealed by amendment, 2009 c 159 s 26]
147A.185 PRESCRIBING DRUGS AND THERAPEUTIC DEVICES.
Subdivision 1. Diagnosis, prescribing, and ordering. A physician assistant is authorized to:
(1) diagnose, prescribe, and institute therapy or referrals of patients to health care agencies and providers;
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(2) prescribe, procure, sign for, record, administer, and dispense over-the-counter drugs, legend drugs,
and controlled substances, including sample drugs; and
(3) plan and initiate a therapeutic regimen that includes ordering and prescribing durable medical devices
and equipment, nutrition, diagnostic services, and supportive services including but not limited to home
health care, hospice, physical therapy, and occupational therapy.
Subd. 2. Drug Enforcement Administration requirements. (a) A physician assistant must:
(1) comply with federal Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) requirements related to controlled
substances; and
(2) file any and all of the physician assistant's DEA registrations and numbers with the board.
(b) The board shall maintain current records of all physician assistants with DEA registration and
numbers.
Subd. 3. Other requirements and restrictions. (a) Each prescription initiated by a physician assistant
shall indicate the following:
(1) the date of issue;
(2) the name and address of the patient;
(3) the name and quantity of the drug prescribed;
(4) directions for use; and
(5) the name and address of the prescribing physician assistant.
(b) In prescribing, dispensing, and administering legend drugs, controlled substances, and medical
devices, a physician assistant must comply with this chapter and chapters 151 and 152.
History: 2020 c 115 art 2 s 16
147A.19 IDENTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS.
Physician assistants licensed under this chapter shall keep their license available for inspection at their
primary place of business and shall, when engaged in their professional activities, wear a name tag identifying
themselves as a "physician assistant."
History: 1995 c 205 art 1 s 18; 2009 c 159 s 27
147A.20 MS 2018 [Repealed, 2020 c 115 art 2 s 34]
147A.21 [Repealed, 1Sp2017 c 6 art 11 s 56]
147A.22 [Repealed, 2009 c 159 s 112]
147A.23 RESPONDING TO DISASTER SITUATIONS.
A physician assistant duly licensed or credentialed in a United States jurisdiction or by a federal employer
who is responding to a need for medical care created by an emergency according to section 604A.01, or a
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state or local disaster may render such care as the physician assistant is trained to provide, under the physician
assistant's license or credential.
History: 1999 c 226 s 1; 2000 c 298 s 1; 2009 c 159 s 30; 2020 c 115 art 2 s 17
147A.24 CONTINUING EDUCATION REQUIREMENTS.
Subdivision 1. Amount of education required. Applicants for license renewal must either meet standards
for continuing education through current certification by the National Commission on Certification of
Physician Assistants, or its successor agency as approved by the board, or provide evidence of successful
completion of at least 50 contact hours of continuing education within the two years immediately preceding
license renewal.
Subd. 2. Type of education required. Continuing education is approved if it is equivalent to category
1 credit hours as defined by the American Osteopathic Association Bureau of Professional Education, the
Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, the American Academy of Physician Assistants, or
by organizations that have reciprocal arrangements with the physician recognition award program of the
American Medical Association.
History: 1995 c 205 art 1 s 22; 2003 c 2 art 1 s 20; 2009 c 159 s 31
147A.25 [Repealed, 2001 c 3 s 1]
147A.26 PROCEDURES.
The board shall establish, in writing, internal operating procedures for receiving and investigating
complaints, accepting and processing applications, granting licenses, and imposing enforcement actions.
The written internal operating procedures may include procedures for sharing complaint information with
government agencies in this and other states. Procedures for sharing complaint information must be consistent
with the requirements for handling government data under chapter 13.
History: 1995 c 205 art 1 s 24; 1997 c 187 art 2 s 4; 2009 c 159 s 32
147A.27 PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT ADVISORY COUNCIL.
Subdivision 1. Membership. The Physician Assistant Advisory Council is created and is composed of
seven persons appointed by the board. The seven persons must include:
(1) two public members, as defined in section 214.02;
(2) three physician assistants licensed under this chapter who meet the criteria for a new applicant under
section 147A.02; and
(3) two licensed physicians with experience practicing with physician assistants.
Subd. 2. Organization. The council shall be organized and administered under section 15.059.
Subd. 3. Duties. The council shall advise the board regarding:
(1) physician assistant licensure standards;
(2) enforcement of grounds for discipline;
(3) distribution of information regarding physician assistant licensure standards;
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(4) applications and recommendations of applicants for licensure or license renewal;
(5) complaints and recommendations to the board regarding disciplinary matters and proceedings
concerning applicants and licensees according to sections 214.10; 214.103; and 214.13, subdivisions 6 and
7; and
(6) issues related to physician assistant practice and regulation.
The council shall perform other duties authorized for the council by chapter 214 as directed by the board.
History: 1997 c 120 s 1; 2000 c 298 s 2; 2007 c 123 s 7; 2009 c 159 s 33; 2018 c 130 s 1; 2022 c 58 s
85
147A.28 PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT APPLICATION AND LICENSE FEES.
(a) The board may charge the following nonrefundable fees:
(1) physician assistant application fee, $120;
(2) physician assistant annual license renewal fee, $115;
(3) physician assistant locum tenens permit, $25;
(4) physician assistant late fee, $50;
(5) duplicate license fee, $20;
(6) certification letter fee, $25;
(7) education or training program approval fee, $100;
(8) report creation and generation fee, $60 per hour; and
(9) verification fee, $25.
(b) The board may prorate the initial annual license fee. All licensees are required to pay the full fee
upon license renewal. The revenue generated from the fees must be deposited in an account in the state
government special revenue fund.
History: 1Sp2017 c 6 art 11 s 4; 2019 c 8 art 7 s 4; 2020 c 79 art 1 s 5; 2022 c 99 art 2 s 6
147A.29 LICENSE RENEWAL CYCLE CONVERSION.
Subdivision 1. Generally. The license renewal cycle for physician assistant licensees is converted to
an annual cycle where renewal is due on the last day of the licensee's month of birth. Conversion pursuant
to this section begins January 1, 2020. This section governs license renewal procedures for licensees who
were licensed before December 31, 2019. The conversion renewal cycle is the renewal cycle following the
first license renewal after January 1, 2020. The conversion license period is the license period for the
conversion renewal cycle. The conversion license period is between six and 17 months and ends the last
day of the licensee's month of birth in either 2020 or 2021, as described in subdivision 2.
Subd. 2. Conversion of license renewal cycle for current licensees. For a licensee whose license is
current as of December 31, 2019, the licensee's conversion license period begins on January 1, 2020, and
ends on the last day of the licensee's month of birth in 2020, except that for licensees whose month of birth
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is January, February, March, April, May, or June, the licensee's renewal cycle ends on the last day of the
licensee's month of birth in 2021.
Subd. 3. Conversion of license renewal cycle for noncurrent licensees. This subdivision applies to
an individual who was licensed before December 31, 2019, but whose license is not current as of December
31, 2019. When the individual first renews the license after January 1, 2020, the conversion renewal cycle
begins on the date the individual applies for renewal and ends on the last day of the licensee's month of birth
in the same year, except that if the last day of the individual's month of birth is less than six months after
the date the individual applies for renewal, then the renewal period ends on the last day of the individual's
month of birth in the following year.
Subd. 4. Subsequent renewal cycles. After the licensee's conversion renewal cycle under subdivision
2 or 3, subsequent renewal cycles are annual and begin on the last day of the month of the licensee's birth.
Subd. 5. Conversion period and fees. (a) A licensee who holds a license issued before January 1, 2020,
and who renews that license pursuant to subdivision 2 or 3, shall pay a renewal fee as required in this
subdivision.
(b) A licensee shall be charged the annual license fee listed in section 147A.28 for the conversion license
period.
(c) For a licensee whose conversion license period is six to 11 months, the first annual license fee charged
after the conversion license period shall be adjusted to credit the excess fee payment made during the
conversion license period. The credit is calculated by: (1) subtracting the number of months of the licensee's
conversion license period from 12; and (2) multiplying the result of clause (1) by 1/12 of the annual fee
rounded up to the next dollar.
(d) For a licensee whose conversion license period is 12 months, the first annual license fee charged
after the conversion license period shall not be adjusted.
(e) For a licensee whose conversion license period is 13 to 17 months, the first annual license fee charged
after the conversion license period shall be adjusted to add the annual license fee payment for the months
that were not included in the annual license fee paid for the conversion license period. The added payment
is calculated by: (1) subtracting 12 from the number of months of the licensee's conversion license period;
and (2) multiplying the result of clause (1) by 1/12 of the annual fee rounded up to the next dollar.
(f) For the second and all subsequent license renewals made after the conversion license period, the
licensee's annual license fee is as listed in section 147A.28.
Subd. 6. Expiration. This section expires July 1, 2022.
History: 2019 c 8 art 1 s 3
Official Publication of the State of Minnesota
Revisor of Statutes
147A.29MINNESOTA STATUTES 202319